![]() Conversely, one additional hour of sleep duration was found to be associated with increased consumption frequencies of ‘ fresh fruits’ (1.11 ) and ‘ vegetables (excluding potatoes)’ (1.14 ). One additional hour of screen time was associated with increased consumption frequencies of ‘ soft drinks containing sugar’ (1.28 odds ratio and 99% confidence interval), ‘ diet/light soft drinks’ (1.21 ), ‘ flavoured milk’ (1.18 ), ‘ candy bars or chocolate’ (1.31 ), ‘ biscuits, cakes, doughnuts or pies’ (1.22 ), ‘ potato chips (crisps), corn chips, popcorn or peanuts’ (1.32 ), ‘ pizza, French fries (chips), hamburgers’(1.30 ) and with a reduced consumption frequency of ‘ vegetables (excluding potatoes)’ (0.89 ) and ‘fresh fruits’ (0.91 ). ![]() All models were adjusted for age, sex, outdoor play time, maximum educational level of parents and sleep duration or screen time, depending on the exposure under investigation. Logistic multilevel models were used to assess associations of parent-reported screen time as well as sleep duration (exposure variables) with consumption frequencies of 16 food items (outcome variables). The analysis was based on 10 453 children aged 6–9 years from five European countries that participated in the World Health Organization European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative. The present cross-sectional study aimed to simultaneously investigate the associations between sleep duration, screen time and food consumption frequencies in children. Both sleep duration and screen time have been suggested to affect children’s diet, although in different directions and presumably through different pathways.
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